Household safety socket what safety knowledge?

With the rapid economic development in China, a large number of household appliances into ordinary families. As the power supply for household appliances is generally connected by plugs and sockets, farmers and old town houses in cities and towns generally do not have enough sockets in their homes. But I found that most of the outlets in the rural market is fake and shoddy products, the prevalence of substandard outlet purchased in rural areas. Installation of non-standard issues. Even in cities and towns, there are problems of failing to properly install sockets and installing them properly. These problems exist. To the use of household appliances and the safety of the line buried accident risk. Someone called the unqualified socket is a "hidden bomb" in the modern family. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in recent years, households have caused over one-third of home fire accidents due to accidents involving the use of sockets to cause electrical fires. In view of this situation, the author on the socket selection, installation and use of security knowledge introduced below, hoping to arouse the attention of relevant personnel.
First, choose a good safety performance in line with national standards and electrical outlets and plug matching
1, look at the quality of materials and appearance
High-quality socket panel materials used in the flame retardant, insulation, anti-resistance and moisture resistance are very good, material stability, not easy to change color. From the appearance point of view, the surface smooth and smooth, no bubbles, no scratches, no stains, uniform color, texture, and generally good products; surface is not smooth, feels thin, crisp feeling products, the performance Is not reliable. Socket jacks should be equipped with protective doors, plugs should be plugged and unplugged and can not be inserted. To check the tightness of the socket clip, smooth insertion is a key safety factor. In addition, the brand identity on the panel should be clear and full. Surface can not have any glitches.
2, 掂 component
When purchasing a socket, measure the weight of a single socket. Because only the thickness of the copper inside the socket, the weight of a single socket will be heavy, and inside the copper is the most critical part of the socket, if the alloy or thin copper will not have the same weight and quality. Quality products because of heavy use of copper, there will be no feeling of floating.
3, choose service
As far as possible to the regular manufacturers designated stores or point of sale to buy, and retain the shopping vouchers, so as to be able to guarantee the enjoyment of the future after-sales service. In case of loss in the future due to socket causes also have a claim basis.
4, depends on the packaging and instructions
Brand products pay great attention to consumer satisfaction. Therefore, the product packaging and manual effort is unqualified non-brand-name products unmatched by the import brand must be equipped with Chinese instructions. For the product name, brand, technical indicators, etc. are very clear. From installation to safety precautions are also readily available. These are the need to pay attention to the choice of socket. Product packaging to be complete, the above should have a clear factory address phone. There are instructions and certificate of use.
5, the best human design
Now good socket panel with grid structure panel and thickened mounting holes, can effectively prevent the panel is too hard to cause deformation. Some high-end products also use a transparent base. In order to facilitate their own or electrical observation of the internal structure of products. Some panels will reserve 6-8 fixed holes (up, down, left and right and four corners) for a variety of base installation requirements.
6, to see if there is no safety certification
Qualified outlet must be certified by the state and in line with international industry standards. Domestic products must pass the "3C" certification, some international brands should also obtain other national and international safety certification, these will be marked in the product itself, packaging or instructions.
7, according to the plug requirements and the use of the environment to choose the appropriate socket
Plug from the appearance of the distinction between two holes, three holes, a round plug, flat plug and square plug points. There are many types of sockets to choose from, with and without switches, and many with many additional safety features and devices, such as sockets with fuses, safety gates, earth leakage relays, or indicator lights. In the selection of outlets, should try to choose a product with a protective door. At the same time also pay attention to choose and household appliances rated current, plug specifications and junction box specifications match the socket. Avoid using the so-called universal socket, the correct method should be what kind of plug with what kind of socket. Power socket specifications, models, wiring and installation, should meet the specifications and design requirements. When plugged with a power supply that is at risk of electric shock, use a switched socket that disconnects the power supply. Kitchen, bathroom installation of oil, moisture-proof sealed socket.
Second, the installation of outlet to comply with national standards and norms
1, the socket position to be correct
Ming outfit from the ground should not be less than 1.8 meters (rural old houses are installed such outlets); Concealed outlet from the ground should not be less than 30 cm, concealed outlet panel to the wall, no gaps around , The installation is firm, the surface is smooth and clean, no fragmentation, scratches, decorative cap is complete; Children's activities should be used safety socket outlet (with insurance when the piece of socket), or its installation height of not less than 1,8 meters. Kitchen and toilet outlet should be more than 1.5 meters above the ground, air-conditioning outlet at least 2 meters above. The same site installed socket height should be the same.
2, socket wiring Mo arbitrary
Install single-phase two-hole socket, facing the right or the socket of the socket, connect with the phase line, the left hole or the lower hole is connected with the zero line; the single-phase three-hole socket faces the right hole of the socket and the phase line connection, And zero line connection; the middle of the top should be connected to the protective earth (PE). PE line in the socket may not be connected in series, should be individually connected to the ground line. Three-hole socket zero line and the protection of the ground must not be wrong.
3, the number of outlets should be sufficient
The number of outlets, the general requirements: the distance between the two outlet points shall not exceed 3.66 meters, that is, if a household appliance can not be from the left side of the socket, from the right side outlet, bedroom, living room and kitchen outlets, respectively, the number of not Less than 4, 7, 4.
4, three-socket protection grounding socket grounding to be reliable
The grounding of the three-eye socket is the weakest connection of household electricity in rural areas. Most families are not grounded at all. Even if the ground is not normative, for example: a ground wire to find an iron wire, the ground is a nail fixed on the wall, even if the two were grounded. There are users simply plug the three plugs into the chassis, breaking the socket with two eyes instead of three socket socket to use. Three-socket without protective grounding user, the use of three-pin plug when the household appliances. Once the metal shell of the household appliance is live, the person who contacts the household appliance is at risk of electrocution. In order to ensure the safety of farmer's use of household appliances, the protection and grounding of the farmer's three-eye socket should be given enough attention by farmers and rural power workers.
5, damp places installed sealed socket
Household humid places, such as kitchens, toilets, should not be installed common type socket to prevent corrosion or leakage.
6, high-power electrical outlet socket directly from the family wiring
High-power electrical appliances (air conditioners, microwave ovens, induction cooker, washing machines, refrigerators, etc.) due to the current work, the outlet used by the rated current of not less than 10A. It is best to connect the conductor from the distribution box in the outlet, the choice of aluminum core cross-sectional area of not less than 2.5 square millimeters; use copper core cross-sectional area of not less than 1.5 square millimeters. For some often moving electrical appliances can be used multi-purpose socket, but be cautious, do not open a variety of electrical appliances at the same time. Ensure safe use.
7, socket circuit must add leakage protection
The household appliances are basically connected to mobile appliances (vacuum cleaners, floor or desktop fans and various small appliances) or stationary appliances (refrigerators, microwave ovens, electric heating showers, washing machines, etc.) accessible at all times. There is a danger of electric shock when the wires of these electrical equipment are damaged, especially the wires of the mobile equipment, or when the human hands have access to the live shell of the electrical equipment. In addition to wall-mounted air-conditioning power outlet, the other power outlet should be set leakage protector. Leakage protector is to prevent leakage or electric shock protection appliances. When the leakage protection behind electrical appliances, wire leakage current exceeds the rated value (home leakage protector operating current is less than 30 milliamps, the operating time of less than 0.1 seconds), the device tripping, power failure. It is often used in conjunction with protective grounding or protection, forming a double insurance against electric shock.
8, socket lead wire selection copper wire
Aluminum wire is commonly used in rural family rooms. Although the use of aluminum core indoor save a little money, but the harm is enormous. According to the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPCS) the incidence of fire statistics, 55 times the copper wire. China has been in June 1, 1999 implementation of the national mandatory standard "Lighting Design Code" clearly requires indoor lighting lines should use copper wire. Therefore, the indoor socket lead wire must be selected copper wire.
9, different voltage socket should be significantly different. Can not be interoperable
Third, the correct use of security
1, to avoid wet plug plug
Hands have water to plug, because the water is a conductor, can lead to electric shock.
2, prohibit hand pinch the power cord pull plug
The older people, plug the plug, in order to prevent electric shock, be very careful. Unplug the power cord does not pinch the plug, pull the power cord approach, drag the power cord, the number of times more, the power cord and plug connected to the site pulled off, resulting in electrical power can not be normal. Pull off the site prone to short circuit, leakage, triggering a fire and electric shock accident. Therefore, it is forbidden to pin the power cord by hand.
3, found the outlet plug abnormal replacement in time
When it is found that the outlet temperature is too high or there arc, ignition, plug and socket bad. When the plug is too loose or too tight. Should be promptly discontinued and replaced.
4, to avoid the old socket extended service
Socket used for a long time. Exceeds its normal life. Is a common problem in the use of sockets in rural areas, especially in recent years, peasants migrate to work from the city brought back the old socket, there are many potential safety hazards. Socket has its own life, at present, a considerable part of China's rural households outlets (including other power supply facilities) service life is too long, beyond its normal life. Socket over the service life, the internal copper plug aging, bad shell insulation. The use of the shell may occur at any time charged and poor contact, to the user's personal safety and electrical safety hazards. Therefore, consumers should have "socket life" concept, so that the old outlet on time to retire.
5, to avoid "small horse cart"
Socket has a main indicator of rated current. Requirements Plug socket electrical current rating should not exceed the rated current socket, that can not use the pony to pull the cart, or the socket will heat, affect the service life, damage to electrical appliances and even cause a fire. Special attention, do not air conditioners, microwave ovens and other high-power household appliances inserted in the rated current value of the small socket to use.
6, plug often wipe
Electrical plugs should always be wiped, otherwise dust will gradually accumulate on the poles of the plug or produce patina, increasing the contact resistance between the plug and the socket, resulting in high temperature during use, which may affect the service life of the socket or burn out the socket, or even cause a fire.
7, socket and plug does not match the socket should be replaced to avoid changing the size and shape of the plug
Many families buy electrical appliances, if you find the plug does not match with the socket at home. Instead of taking the replacement socket to solve, but to change the size or shape of the electrical plug method. The most common is the three-pin plug in the ground legs broken, inserted in the socket use. The main hazard of doing so is poor contact between the plug and the socket (due to the three-legged plug being diagonal), reducing the reliability of the household electrical supply, damaging household appliances and plug sockets. Even a fire, the more serious problem is that the grounded metal housing of the appliance. Not grounded, when the shell of household appliances due to fault when charged, the human body will contact the event of an electric shock. A large number of statistical results show that: the majority of electric shock caused by the use of household appliances caused by this reason. Therefore, do not change the size or shape of the plug artificially when the size of the electrical plug does not correspond to the size of the plug. Be sure to take the replacement socket method.
8, be careful to use multi-purpose power outlet
Multi-purpose power jacks and more convenient and economical, many families, especially rural families very much like to use it, but also plug in the socket on the electrical appliances are often open at the same time. This seems very convenient, but in fact a lot of drawbacks, there are many unexpected dangers. First, the power supply voltage drops. Because multi-purpose socket and power cable has a rated capacity, a variety of appliances in the same multi-socket at the same time open to use, is bound to cause the instantaneous current is too large. Lead to voltage drop, thus affecting the normal work of electrical appliances. If the voltage drop is too large, but also damage some electrical appliances. The second is burning power leads cause fire. A variety of electrical appliances using the same multi-purpose socket, especially with high-power electrical appliances and prolonged use, the socket and its power supply lead a serious overload operation, too tired, the heat does not go out, easy to melt the insulation burn caused by fire. Third, create a short circuit. Multi-purpose socket jack when too much. Often appear from the improper design, lack of accuracy and other issues. These problems exist. Will make users in the long-term plug in the process of triggering a short circuit or even electric shock accident. To avoid the use of multi-purpose socket hazards, it is recommended that users: Avoid using two or more high-power appliances at the same time using a multi-purpose socket, for some often moving electrical multi-purpose socket can be used, but be cautious, do not open a variety of electrical , To avoid overload, to ensure the safety of use.
9, to prevent the power lead directly inserted in the socket to use
In rural areas and some construction sites on the use of mobile appliances, do not plug and socket connections. Generally take the power lead directly into the socket, and then small sticks, in-line screwdrivers, etc. into the socket hole, plug the power cord lead. Power and socket using this connection, often lead to poor contact, short circuit, ranging from burned socket is caused by fire and personal electric shock accident. According to national standards. The mains lead and mains connection of the mobile unit must be crimped with a qualified plug or by a screw in the other switch.
10, try not to plug in temporarily
In our country rural and urban old house tenants. It is extremely common to install mobile sockets and to use them for a long time. Such sockets are highly likely to be damaged due to frequent movement, power leads and sockets, and frequent contact by power users. Therefore, there is a high risk of electric shock when using the sockets. Avoid using. Long-term use of domestic temporary lines is not allowed in developed countries. China also has corresponding provisions, but failed to arouse the attention of electricians and ordinary people.